How Can I Repair A Backup Of .Mdf File Database

One of our clients gets the following error when trying to backup a database:

I tried to perform checkdb, checkdb repair_rebuild as well as checkdb REPAIR_ALLOW_DATA_LOSS but none of these corrected the issues is the MSDB database.

My question is: can I just grab a clean MSDB database from another instance to recover corrupt one or do I really have to uninstall/reinstall SQL Server?